Web: browsers, design, markup, and more

Web browsers

Helpful tools

Resources and references for HTML and CSS:

• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C, also W3): Home of the standards that describe how things are supposed to work, including: HTML, CSS, Web accessibility, and more.

• Mozilla developer docs: Practical (and ad-free) references to HTML, CSS, and related topics, including useful details such as browser compatibility charts, links to defining specifications, and more.

• Can I Use…?: Extensive and detailed reference to feature availability across various browsers. Describes issues and frequently includes workarounds.

• Compart Unicode character reference: Surprisingly useful (and currently ad-free.)

Developer tools

Many web browsers provide developer tools to help investigate and troubleshoot websites.

Here’s how to activate and open them in major browsers.

• Apple Safari (included with MacOS)
  • Hidden by default; Use Settings to change
  • Use Safari Develop menu to open desired tool
• Brave Browser
  • Menu > More Tools > Web Developer Tools
  • Keyboard: Mac: Opt + Cmd + I, Windows: Ctrl+Shift+I
• Google Chrome
  • Menu > More Tools > Developer Tools
  • Keyboard: Mac: Opt + Cmd + I, Windows: Ctrl+Shift+I
• Microsoft Edge|
  • Menu > More Tools > Developer Tools
  • Keyboard: Mac: Opt + Cmd + I, Windows: Ctrl+Shift+I
• Mozilla Firefox
  • Menu () > More Tools > Developer Tools
  • Keyboard: Mac: Opt + Cmd + I, Windows: Ctrl+Shift+I

Web servers

DNS alias IP address

When setting up a DNS record alias (ANAME or CNAME), you often need to know the IP address to assign to the alias.

If, for whatever reason, you don’t know the IP address, use the dig command to discover it:

$ dig example.github.io +nostats +nocomments +nocmd